Distallation - Chemicals & chaos

                                                               Distillation

Recap:  Last lesson we learnt that the process of evaporation is when a liquid turns into a gas. So we can separate a solution, by evaporating away the solvent to learnt a solute (solid). 

But what if we want to collect gas?? When we trap the gas and turn it back into a liquid this is called condensation.

What is it?

• Evaporation: heating a liquid, turns to a gas
• Condensation: cooling down a gas, turn into a liquid.

Experiment:                                  Separating a mixture using distillation

Aim: To separate a solute from a solvent in a solution using distillation.

Equipment: 

• A solution of saltwater
• Conical flask
• Heatproof mat
• A delivery tube and bung
• Bunsen burner
• Tripod
• Gauze mat 
• Retort stand
• Boss head and clamp
• Boiling tube

Method:

1. Set up the equipment as shown in the diagram
2. Add approximately 50 ml of saltwater to your conical flask
3. Light your bunsen burner. Open the air hole and gently push the bunsen burner under the tripod
4. Heat the solution until most of the solvent has been evaporated. Turn off your bunsen burner.

Hypothesis: When the coke is heated the sugar will solidify and stay in the flask and the liquid will be evaporated and travel all the way to the test tube and cool.

Observations: As soon as we put the Bunsen burner on the coke was already boiling, when the coke started to evaporate it was transferred through the bung and into the tube where it cools and turns into clear brown liquid.

Conclusion: Coke Zero has had less dissolved substances, when normal coke had more dissolved solids which was sugar.

Serial Dilution

 Aim: To make a dilution series to investigate concentration.

Hypothesis: I think that the potassium permanganate will slowly dilute as we tip 5 ml of every test tube into the next test tube.

Equipment:

• A potassium permanganate crystal
• Six large test tube
• Tweezers
• A plastic transfer pipette
• A test tube rack
• 10 ml measuring cylinder

Method:

1. Place 6 test tubes in a test tube rack. Label the rack with numbers 1-6
2. Using the measuring cylinder, fill test tube 1 with 10 ml of water. Fill the remaining test tube with 5 ml of water.
3. Using your tweezers, add a single crystal of potassium permanganate to test tube 1
4. Gently shake the test tube until the crystal has dissolved
5. Using the transfer pipette, carefully remove exactly 5 ml from test tube 1 and pour it into test tube 2
6. Rinse the transfer pipette thoroughly to ensure that no purple solution remains
7. Gently shake test tube 2 and repeat the transfer process, transferring exactly 5 ml of solution from test tube 2 to test tube 3.
8. Rinse the pipette again and repeat the transfer process for test tubes 4, 5 and 6.

Discussion:

Which was most dilute? Test tube 6

Least diluted? Test tube 1

Most concentrated? Test tube 1

Least concentrated? Test tube 6

How fo you know? With the most diluted the colour of the liquid has less colour to it and the most concentrated is the brightness of the liquid.

Filtration Experiment

Aim: To separate a solution from a precipitate (precipitate is the name for a solid that forms in a liquid during a chemical reaction.) 

 

Solvent - Thing doing the dissolving (liquid)

Solute - Thing being dissolved (solid)   

Solution - A mixture that is formed.

Filtration - Separates particles based on size.

Filtrate - Liquid after it has been filtered.

Mixture - 2 or more substances together

Solubility - Ability to dissolve.

Hypothesis: What do you think will happen 

Equipment:

• Copper sulfate
• Conical flask
• Stirring rod
• 200ml beaker
• Funnel
• Filter paper

Method: 

1. Pour approximately 50ml of copper sulfate solution into a beaker. 
2. Add the same volume of sodium carbonate solution. A reaction will happen, you should see a cloudy blue precipitate form. Called copper carbonate.
3. Watch demo then fold filter to fit inside the funnel.
4. Place the funnel with the filter paper inside of it, into the mouth of a conical flask.
5. Stir the mixture in the beaker, then carefully pour it into the funnel.
6. Observe what happened.

Observation and Discussion: What you saw happen and why do you think it happened?

When you add the liquids together they start making a bright blue coloured liquid. When you start to filter the liquid through the filter paper there are blue solids on the top and clear liquid coming from the bottom, the reason is that the blue cannot fit through the filter paper because it has large particles in it but the clear liquid has small particles which fit through the filter paper.

9/11 - Chemicals and chaos

 Today in chemicals and chaos we had to choose a terrific event that has happened in the past. I chose to research about the 9/11 that had happened on September 11 2001, this event was the worst that had ever happened. So many people had died and apparently, no one survived that was in the building or planes. 

The day was a normal day and everyone was fine then a plane got hijacked and hit the big twin building then 20 min later the small twin building got hit. In the video that I watched there were voicemails of people saying goodbye to their loved ones and say that they loved them. That day was the worst day.

Business & Enterprise kete

 For the past 3 weeks, we have been involved in the B&E kete. My role in this has been CEO, my job was to make sure that everyone knew what they were doing, I had to tell them what they need to do and to make sure that everything is sorted. Our company was called Pacific vibe, our product was Polynesian food such as chopsuey (sapasui), panakeke, fried bread and Otai (watermelon drink). 

My reflection on how the business went overall is that our food was really good and was fresh, our tables were too close to other companies and there were some messes and arguments. My reflection on the B&E overall is the whole thing was amazing and everyone's stall was amazing, most of the stalls were already sold out cause they didn't have much stuff.

Here are the photos from the day:

Expands - Hurumanu 3

 In science web, we have been looking into conduction and expansion. We had to make a stop motion about one of the topics (expansion, conducts, convection). We had to show an example of the topics, we had to make it clear so that others could tell what was happening in the slide.

In this slide, we chose to do the expansion, for the example the tube is cold and the ball doesn't fit, then once the tube is heated it expands and the ball fits. The heat gives the tube energy which the energy makes the tube expand and makes it big.

Rule of thirds - Art

  In art, we are looking at rule of thirds. It's about how an image is divided into a three by three grid. with the focal point of the photo being where the lines meet.

This is one of the sketches that I did, this image is using the rule of thirds. Each focal point of the image is where the lines of the grid cross over each other.

These drawing are ideas of rule of thirds, I drew these so I can practice how to do rule of thirds.

This is one of the sketches I did, this drawing is using the rule of thirds. Each focal point of the image is where the lines of the grid cross over each other.